What does "contrapuntal" mean in music?

"Contrapuntal" in music refers to the combination of two or more independent melodies occurring simultaneously. This technique focuses on the interaction and relationship between these melodies, each maintaining its individuality while contributing to a cohesive musical texture.

Contrapuntal music is based on the principles of counterpoint, where various melodies intertwine in a way that is harmonically and melodically rich. This approach contrasts with homophonic textures, where a single melody dominates, supported by harmonies. Examples of contrapuntal music can be found in the works of composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, who expertly wove multiple melodic lines together.

Understanding contrapuntal textures is essential for recognizing how melodies can coexist and interact in various styles of music, emphasizing the complexity and depth of musical composition.