What is it called when a string player plucks the strings instead of using a bow?

When a string player plucks the strings instead of using a bow, it is referred to as pizzicato. This technique involves the performer using their fingers to pull and then release the string, which produces a short, crisp sound. Pizzicato is often used in various styles of music to create a different texture or effect compared to the sustained, smoother sound produced by bowing, which is known as arco.

Understanding pizzicato is important in the context of string instruments because it showcases the versatility of the instrument and allows for contrast within a piece of music, enhancing expressiveness and dynamic variation.