Which instrument is a half-size flute that plays an octave higher than a standard flute?

The piccolo is indeed a half-size flute that plays an octave higher than a standard flute. This instrument is a member of the woodwind family and is known for its bright and piercing sound, which is a result of its smaller size and higher pitch. The piccolo typically has a range similar to that of the flute, but due to its construction and design difference, it produces notes that are an octave above the flute's pitches.

In contrast, the recorder is a different type of woodwind instrument that is played vertically and has a different sound quality, while the fife is a small wind instrument that is similar to the piccolo but typically has a more limited range and is used predominantly in military and marching contexts. The traverso, on the other hand, refers to the historical wooden flute, which also plays in the same range as the modern flute but is made of wood and has a different tone. Each of these instruments has its own unique characteristics and playing techniques, making the piccolo the correct answer for this question.