Which term describes music that is primarily set in a single melodic line?

The term "monophonic" refers to music that consists of a single melodic line without any harmonic support or additional voices added. This means that in a monophonic texture, there is only one melody being played or sung at any given time. This simplicity allows the listener to focus solely on the melody itself, as there are no other musical lines competing for attention.

Monophonic music is often found in various cultural traditions, including early Gregorian chants and folk music, where a single voice or melody carries the entire piece. The nature of monophony emphasizes the clarity and purity of the melody, making it distinct and straightforward.

In contrast, the other terms describe different textures. Homophonic music includes a primary melody accompanied by chords or other harmonic support, which adds depth but moves away from the monophonic concept. Polyphonic music consists of multiple independent melodies occurring simultaneously, creating a complex interplay between voices. Contrapuntal music specifically relates to the technique of counterpoint, where individual melodic lines are woven together, further emphasizing the multi-voiced nature that differs from monophony. Thus, "monophonic" is the only term that accurately captures the essence of a single melodic line.